Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by red, itchy, and inflamed patches of skin. It often appears in childhood and can persist into adulthood, though it can also develop later in life. Eczema tends to come and go in flare-ups, with symptoms ranging from mild to severe.

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The exact cause of eczema is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic, environmental, and immune system factors. People with eczema often have a family history of allergic conditions such as asthma, hay fever, or eczema itself, suggesting a genetic predisposition. Environmental triggers like certain irritants, allergens (such as dust mites, pet dander, or certain foods), dry air, heat, sweat, and stress can exacerbate symptoms or trigger flare-ups in susceptible individuals. Additionally, abnormalities in the skin barrier function and immune system dysfunction play a role in the development of eczema.

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TREATMENT OPTIONS:

1. Topical corticosteroids

2. Topical calcineurin inhibitors

3. Emollients/moisturizers

4. Topical phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitors

5. Antihistamines

6. Wet wrap therapy

7. Phototherapy

8. Oral systemic

9. Biologics